Price:  ( Exclude shipping cost)
USD2599
Please send your address, name  to audio-gd@vip.163.com  get the quote.
Accusilicon clocks:
       

Click to download the driver of  Amanero combo 384
R-8HE (2021 version) feature:
1,     USB and HDMI apply the separate isolators and isolate  PSUs for avoid the interrupt from computer and HDMI sources. (New Feature)
2,     USB apply the bidirectional isolator that can transmit the IIS signal to the FPGA processor and receive the clock signal from the FPGA processor, the USB interface without on board data clocks, the signal transmit is much exact, the sound quality get the much improve , better than the last generative R-7HE combine with DI-20 (But not DI-20HE)  level. (New Feature)
3,     HDMI input apply isolator for improve the sound quality . (New Feature)
4,      The FPGA process data in the  parallel mode.
         The IIS data is series transmit mode, every data must need one clock cycle to process or transmit, one frame data ( Include L and R data) must need 64 clock cycle to process or transmit, so the data has effect by the 64 clock cycles.
         But the parallel data process and transmit mode only need one clock cycle can finish the one frame data process and transmit, that can avoid the effect of clock stability .
          The IIS input (Include USB and HDMI-IIS) has recombine become dual 32bit parallel data once input , and the SPDIF input after decoder, has recombine become dual 24bit parallel data, and the DSD input has recombine become dual 64bit parallel data once input.
          The parallel process and transmit mode can improve the sound quality on the transparency and detail but still analog.
5,       Full new configuration clock manage design built in, improved on the clock timing.
6,      DSD asynchronous clock technology has apply that improves the sound quality obviously.
7,      DOP support from SPDIF input .


The different between R-8HE and R-7HE:
         The R-8HE has apply the same regenerative power supply and R-2R modules of R-7HE for guarantee the sound quality quite close to the R-7HE , the sound has high define transparency, high dynamic and clean detail but at the same time , the sounding still quite analog.
         The R-8HE has apply some high performance SMD parts (the transistors still apply foot pin parts ) and auto produce machines to build the board so can reduce the cost and sell lower price , let more customers can afford the regenerative power supply built in product, if the other devices in the system have enough revealing, you can experience the huge improve on sound quality because the regenerative power supply built in .

About the regenerative power supply built in product:
    It is said the boss of a well known brand company that is built high end audio products answer the question of why they don't build the products with built in regenerative products? He said this will increase the price to 3x times. And less customers can afford.
          I am agree that . Based on their price policy is relative to the sound quality, a good regenerative power supply built in can boost the price to 3x times.
          But our price policy is relative to the parts cost, so even though we have apply the most expensive full analog design regenerative power supply and larger chassis and much lot parts, the price just increase around 50% .

Pure analogous Regenerative power supply :
            The regenerative power supply like a proprietary electric generator built in the unit.
             It can block most disturb from the power line , supply the ultra clean power supply for the audio amps , reproduce the most neutral and analog sound like audio signal for the system and the users.
             In the regenerative power supply design, the AC power through the regenerative input transformer , conversion to DC power ,through the class A PSUs power supply for the regenerative wave generator and driver stages .
             A balance regenerative regular wave generator produce the ultra low distortion 50Hz wave ,through the balance  gain amps and the strong  output stages , drive the regenerative transformers produce the clean AC power supply feed to the separate class A PSUs power supply for the L and R channel preamps .
            The class A parallel connection PSU has very high input impedance to avoid disturb through the PSU from affecting the signal parts and low output impedance with very fast speed and high linear,  it is a very clean power supply.
             Audio-gd on the regenerative power supply design points  :
             1, Through analyzed the AP SYS-2722 ,do a lot practises ,test and listen , full analog design of the regular wave generator have much lower distortion than the digital generator.
            2, Digital drive stages have higher efficiency , but full analog drive stages have much better analog sound like .
            3, 400Hz regenerative wave have higher efficiency , 50Hz regenerative wave had much far away the human ears sensitivity area than the 400Hz, boost the sound have much better analog sound like.
         


Pros and cons of R-2R DAC  :
Advantages:
         1.R-2R will not convert the clock signal into the output signal.
         2. R-2R is not sensitive to jitter while Delta-Sigma DA is much more sensitive to jitter.
         3. The output signal is much more precise compared to Delta-Sigma DA .
Weaknesses:
        1.THD today is extremely good with Sigma Delta chips; R2R ladders are good too but not as good.
        2. Glitches and accuracy of the ladder resistors are very difficult to avoid and require complex technology to resolve it.


R-2R basic design in the market:
          The R-2R DAC is very popular nowadays and available from DIY kits and completely up to of the shelf high-end products.
          In the low range DIY market, the R-2R design is often based on old technology designed a long time ago by MSB and only includes basic R2R ladder design and do not include the wonderful correction design of the original MSB technology. This design uses data shift registers logic chips in series mode to convert the data to an analog signal. The structural R2R technology issues cannot be avoided, and performance is solely depending on the accuracy of the ladder resistors.
   

          In the High-End of the shelf (finished products) market, the R2R design is much more complex only to reach best performance. A basic R2R ladder is simply not sufficient enough to achieve good performance and sound quality! Some manufacturers are using shift registers design. A less complex and less performing design based on traditional logic chips working in serial mode to correct the ladder.
         A far better design switches resistors in parallel mode. An ultra-fast FPGA controls and corrects the R2R ladder. The parallel design mode controls every bit respectively and therefore achieve unprecedented performance. (In parallel mode only 1 clock cycle is needed to output all data; serial design mode needs at minimum 8 up to 24 clock cycles) The parallel design is much more complicated. Once designed properly it can correct every bit of the ladder.  Photo below shows a design with such FPGA,  can correct the unavoidable imperfections of the R2R ladder caused by tolerance of resistors, glitches to achieve best performance.

     

Accuracy of the ladder resistors (tolerance):
                 Many people believe the tolerance of the resistors in the ladder is most important to reach best performance. Nowadays 24 bit resolution is standard. What tolerance is needed to achieve 24 bit resolution?
            When we look at 16 bit the tolerance of 1/66536, 0.1% (1/1000) is far not enough, even a tolerance of 0.01% (1/10000), the best tolerance available in the world today, still cannot handle 16 bit request correctly; we are not even calculating 24 bit here!
           The tolerance of the resistor will never solve Imperfections of a ladder. This would require resistors with a tolerance of 0.00001% and can handle 24 bit resolution. This is only in theory because the discreteness of the switch logic chips have already too much internal impedance and will destroy the impossible tolerance of a resistor.
            The solution is to correct the ladder and not only depend on the tolerance of resistors. It’s a combination of both: Ultra-low tolerance resistors controlled by a correction technology using very high speed FPGA are applicable in in our design.

Importunacy of the FPGA/CPLD:
                 FPGA stands for Programmable Array Logic. 
            Nowadays the FPGA is applied in a lot high end grade DACs; like the popular ROCKNA WAVEDREAM DAC. 
            We have applied the FPGA in our DAC products since 2008.
            R-7HE has built in 1 pc FPGA and 5 pc CPLD programmable chipsets to separate the different configured circuits for avoid interrupt.
            The internal hardware design is fully controlled by complex software. A huge advantage is the fact the software in the FPGA can easily be upgraded offering new features or improve the performance. Such design is much flexible and future proof!
　

FPGA/CPLD tasks :
           1. The FPGA high performance SPDIF interface, replacing traditional  SPDIF interface chips like DIR9001, WM8805 or AK411X wich are lower in performance in comparison to FPGA.

           2. Full re-clocking process with FIFO design applicable on all inputs. This way the output data keeps fully synchronized with the clock signal to reject any jitter.
           3. Built in 2X, 4X and 8X oversampling and digital filters and on top of this 4 different true NOS (only analog 6dB filtering) modes. To completely configure it to your liking!
           4. Built in the especial design to simulate the TDA1541A + SAA7220 sound flavor.

Fully discrete output stages
               The signal last stage is the analog output stages, they can much effect the whole DAC sound quality.
          After d/a conversion by the R2R D/A modules the analogue signal is transported by fully discrete matched-transistor output stages.
          The high speed special ACSS output stages are non-feedback and current driven design.
          Special because almost all other designs need to convert the signal multiple times from and to current or voltage, resulting in less detail and less good staging.
          The output buffers are single ended FET. Two stages in parallel to reach very low output impedance. All output stages are in pure class A design without any (negative) feedback to achieve purest and a real live sound reproduction.
          The 4 OPA opamp’s are functioning as DC servo, this way no coupling-capacitors are needed and DC output is automatically biased! Resulting in a perfectly neutral sound.
          There are no relays or other switches in the signal path after DA modules to perform the best and purest sound quality.

Heavy power supplies design:
                 Uses four R-core transformers (In total 255W ) and more than 60,000uf audio grade NOVER capacitors are used to ensure ample and smooth power delivery.
6 groups discrete class A PSUs power supply for the regenerative drivers and the analog audio signal parts. And there are 10 groups ultra linear PSUs for power supply for the digital parts .
            This results in ultra-high speed and ultra-low noise performance. Clean and independent power for all different parts to achieve highest quality.

Finishing touch:
              The R-8HE has completely separated power supplies .Digital, left and right analog channel have their own dedicated transformer. The signal board and transformer compartment are separated by 5mm thick aluminum plates for high isolation degree.
               It improves the signal-to-noise ratio, isolate the harmonic interference and reduce noise, which will make the sonic background cleaner and blacker.
              The Left and Right analog parts are placed symmetric beside the digital board to keep the wires and distance identical to ensure equal output performance on both channels .
              The R2R DA modules are assembled between two aluminum boards to avoid any RF interferences.